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keysight technologies n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources 10 mhz to 26.5 ghz technical overview
02 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview noise sources designed to meet specifc needs automatically down - loads enr data from an sns series noise source into any nfa series or any x-series signal analyzer advances in noise figure accuracy n4000a used for low noise fgure devices or devices sensitive to mismatch in the 10 mhz to 18 ghz range n4001a used for general purpose measurements in the 10 mhz to 18 ghz range N4002A used for measurements in the 10 mhz to 26.5 ghz range the keysight technologies, inc. sns series of noise sources work in conjunction with C nfa series noise fgure analyzers C x-series signal analyzers to simplify measurement set-up and improve accuracy these noise sources automatically download electronically stored calibration data to the compatible keysight noise fgure measuring analyzers. the noise sources also have the capability to automatically mea - sure their own temperature so that compensation can be applied to the calibration data. these capabilities increase the overall reliability and accuracy of noise fgure measure - ments. sns series key features and benefts C automatic download of enr data to the analyzer speeds overall setup time C electronic storage of excess noise ratio (enr) calibration data decreases the op - portunity for user error. C temperature sensing improves measurement accuracy, leading to tighter specifca - tion of device performance. the n4000a and n4001a, which cover the 10 mhz to 18 ghz frequency range, come with an apc 3.5 (m) connector as standard, and offer the option of a type-n (m) connec - tor. the N4002A, which covers the frequency range 10 mhz to 26.5 ghz, has an apc 3.5 (m) connector as standard.
03 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview n4000a for low noise figure or mismatch sensitive devices up to 18 ghz the n4000a is designed to accurately measure devices with low noise fgure, or devices whose gain is especially sensitive to small changes in source impedance. this includes most gaas fets. the n4000a maintains the same impedance whether turned on or off. by maintaining the same impedance at the input to the device under test (dut) gain changes are reduced. these gain changes can often masquerade as dut noise and cause noise fgure measurement errors. the enr of this noise source is nominally 6 db from 10 mhz to 18 ghz. duts with noise fgures up to 20 db can be accurately and reliably measured with this device. the n4000a noise source has a choice of connectors, with an apc 3.5 (m) as standard. n4001a for general purpose measurements from 10 mhz to 18 ghz the n4001a noise source is ideal for general purpose use with a low refection coeff - cient and a nominal enr of 15 db from 10 mhz to 18 ghz. duts with noise fgures up to 30 db can be measured accurately and reliably with this device. the n4001a has a selection of connectors, with an apc 3.5 (m) as standard. N4002A for measurements up to 26.5 ghz the N4002A noise source was designed to measure dut noise fgures reliably and accu - rately up to 30 db from 10 mhz up to 26.5 ghz accurately and reliably. this noise source comes with an apc 3.5 connector as standard.
04 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview accurate noise power the output of a noise source, usually given in terms of excess noise ratio (enr), must be known in order to make accurate noise fgure measurements. any uncertainty in the enr transfers into uncertainty of the measured noise fgure, db for db. keysight provides accurate enr calibration data with each noise source. enr uncertainty and refection coeffcients at each frequency point are provided as well. the following is an example of calibration data for an n4001a noise source: # enr data file # created by n8975a nfa series noise figure analyzer # serial number gb40390000 firmware revision a.01.01 # 13:37:07 mar 28, 2001 # format is: frequency (hz), enr (db), enr unc (db), # on ref.mag (lin), on ref.phase (deg), # off ref.mag (lin), off ref.phase (deg) , # on ref.mag unc (lin), on ref.phase unc (deg), # off ref.mag unc (lin), off ref.phase unc (deg) [filetype enr] [ver sion 1.1] [serialnumber us41240152] [model n4001a] [op tion 0 01] [caldate 20000727] [calduedate 20010727] [placeofcal epsgq] [trackingnum 10] [temperature 296.5k] [humidity 65%] [current 36272] 10000000, 15.281, 0.193, 0.0450, C136.0, 0.0450, C136.0, 0.0030, C6.0, 0.0070, +6.0, 100000000, 15.291, 0.190, 0.0358, +168.0, 0.0358, +168.0, 0.0040, +4.6, 0.0050, C4.6, 1000000000, 15.118, 0.151, 0.0398, +39.6, 0.0398, +39.6, 0.0100, +4.5, 0.0067, +1.5, 2000000000, 14.999, 0.168, 0.0377, 0.168, 0.0377, C85.7, 0.0056, +0.9, 0.0086, +1.9, 3000000000, 14.879, 0.172, 0.0267, +150.6, 0.0267, +150.6, 0.0080, C9.2, 0.0090, C1.2, 4000000000, 14.795, 0.173, 0.0130, C18.1, 0.0130, C18.1, 0.0013, +16.0, 0.0063, +10.0, 5000000000, 14.818, 0.179, 0.0359, +169.5, 0.0359, +169.5, 0.0024, C9.3, 0.0035, C0.3, 6000000000, 14.846, 0.181, 0.0556, +63.7, 0.0556, +63.7, 0.0041, +10.3, 0.0067, C4.3, 7000000000, 14.895, 0.180, 0.0430, C37.0, 0.0430, C27.0, 0.0079, C2.3, 0.0049, C2.3, 8000000000, 15.016, 0.198, 0.0232, C160.3, 0.0232, C160.3, 0.0091, C3.8, 0.0053, C1.8, 9000000000, 15.134, 0.201, 0.0122, +71.4, 0.0122, +71.4, 0.0037, +17.3, 0.0057, +7.3, 10000000000, 15.253, 0.194, 0.0080, +116.2, 0.0080, +116.2, 0.0048, C1.4, 0.0056, C5.4, 11000000000, 15.249, 0.243, 0.0241, +65.7, 0.0241, +65.7, 0.0059, +1.5, 0.0049, +44.5, 12000000000, 15.349, 0.240, 0.0196, +8.8, 0.0196, +8.8, 0.0057, +3.2, 0.0077, +2.2, 13000000000, 15.383, 0.188, 0.0217, C5.4, 0.0217, C5.4, 0.0062, C6.9, 0.0045, C1.9, 14000000000, 15.355, 0.178, 0.0228, C66.6, 0.0228, C66.6, 0.0075, +11.2, 0.0065, +1.2, 15000000000, 15.367, 0.187, 0.0141, +141.6, 0.0141, +141.6, 0.0036, C3.2, 0.0029, C1.2, 16000000000, 15.421, 0.182, 0.0251, +6.4, 0.0251, +6.4, 0.0030, +7.2, 0.0042, C1.2, 17000000000, 15.418, 0.174, 0.0242, C100.5, 0.0242, C100.5, 0.0048, C2.7, 0.0050, +9.7, 18000000000, 15.464, 0.179, 0.0183, +124.4, 0.0183, +124.4, 0.0098, C1.1, 0.0100, +9.1,
05 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview two aspects of noise source refection coeffcient are important to note: C a non-zero refection coeffcient contributes to re-refections between the dut and the source. the refections cause uncertainty in the noise power emerging from the source. the measured noise fgure, furthermore, refers to the actual noise source impedance rather than the desired 50 value. the low refection coeffcient of key - sight sns series noise sources can keep this uncertainty under 0.1 db. C the change in refection coeffcient between on and off can cause dut gain vari - ations which, in turn, can cause noise fgure measurement errors. this problem is effectively eliminated by the n4000a, whose complex refection coeffcient change is specifed to be less than 0.01. the importance of noise source refection coeffcient
06 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview the key difference between the n4000a and the n4001a noise sources is the nominal 6 db enr of the n4000a whereas the n4001a has a nominal 15 db enr. consider the 6 db enr noise source when C the dut is especially sensitive to source impedance changes at its input C there is a need to measure very low noise fgures C the noise fgure does not exceed 20 db the n40001a is well suited to general-purpose measurements up to 18 ghz, whereas the n4000a is better suited to making measurements on lower noise devices or devic - es which are sensitive to changes in input impedance. the n4000a contains additional internal attenuation, which provides greater isolation at its output. it is less affected by the on/off condition that is the output impedance of the n4001a. there is a beneft of using a n4000a rather than a n40001a with an added attenuator. the extra attenuaton in the n4000a is included in its calibration and is fully traceable. choosing between the n4000a and the n4001a
07 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview sns series noise source specifcations specifcations the specifcations are performance standards or limits against which the noise source may be tested. these specifcations for the noise source are only valid if the analyzer has been allowed to meet its specifed warm up time of 60 minutes. specifcations are valid at ambient temperature 23 5c . supplemental characteristics temperature sensing accuracy maximum change in complex refection coeffcient between noise source on and off states: 0.01 supplemental characteristics are not specifcations but are typical characteristics in - cluded as additional information for the user. enr variation with temperature: < 0.01 db/c for 30 mhz to 26.5 ghz range: 0 to 55c resolution: 0.25c accuracy: 1 at 25c 2 over 0c to 55c 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.01 3.00 7.00 11.00 15.00 19.00 23.00 26.50 frequency (ghz) swr n4000a n4001a n 4002a instrument model frequency range enr range n4000a 10 mhz to 18 ghz 4.5 - 6.5 db n4001a 10 mhz to 18 ghz 14 - 16 db N4002A 10 mhz to 26.5 ghz 12 - 17 db instrument model frequency range max standing wave ratio (swr) refection coeffcient (rho) (p) n4000a 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 7.0 - 18.0 < 1.04:1 < 1.04:1 < 1.22:1 0.03 0.03 0.10 n4001a 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 18.0 < 1.15:1 < 1.15:1 < 1.20:1 < 1.25:1 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.11 N4002A 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 18.0 18.0 - 26.5 < 1.22:1 < 1.22:1 < 1.22:1 < 1.25:1 < 1.35:1 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.15 figure 1. characteristic swr at 23c
08 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview characteristic enr (u(y)) specifcation enr values are given at cardinal frequency points over the frequency range of each noise source. these values are stored within the noise sources internal eeprom and docu - mented in the calibration report. the uncertainty analysis for the calibration of the noise sources is in accordance with the iso/tag4 guide. the uncertainty data reported on the calibration report is the expanded uncertainty (u(y)) with 95% confdence level and a coverage factor of 2. this uncertainty analysis is valid for apc 3.5mm and type-n (option 001) connector types. instrument model frequency range enr uncertainty ( db) 1 n4000a 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 18.0 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 n4001a 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 18.0 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.16 N4002A 0.01 - 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 18.0 18.0 - 26.5 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.22 1. characteristic values are met or bettered by 90% of instruments with 90% confdence. the uncertainty for each noise source can be unique to that noise source. the uncer - tainty will typically vary by less than 0.01 db at any frequency between different noise sources produced in the same year when frst produced. subsequent calibrations must be performed at suitably capable calibration vendors in order to keep the uncertainties similar. the standard level of calibration for the sns series is option a1r (calibration against a 1-level removed reference standard). another choice is option apr (calibration against a primary reference standard). for option a1r, performance can only be matched with a standards lab calibration, available from the roseville standards lab at keysight. for option apr, performance can only be matched by the national physical laboratory (npl) in the uk. using the appropriate calibration level should result in similar uncertainties to the orig - inal production uncertainties. these will mostly be within 0.01 db of the original uncer - tainties, but they will vary with each calibration because they include the repeatability observed on each device. uncertainties for newly produced devices include population repeatabilities instead of individual device repeatabilities, and thus vary little between devices of the same model and option confguration. figures 2 and 3 show example uncertainties for standard (option a1r) production noise sources, as of the end of 2013. this time period is after signifcant changes were made in the uncertainties from better understanding of the error sources and improvements in the references from the national metrology institute used, npl. if npl performance changes in the future, keysight uncertainties will follow those changes.
09 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview figure 4. characteristic enr plot versus cardinal frequency points. figure 2. example enr versus frequency for the n4000a model. figure 3. example enr versus frequency for the n4001a and N4002A models. 0.0 6 0.0 11 35 79 11 13 15 17 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 9 0.1 0 0.1 1 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 4 0.1 5 enr uncertainty, db frequency, gh z la te 2013 enr uncertainties, n4000a n400 0a n400 0a, option 00 1 enr uncertainty, db frequency, gh z la te 2013 enr uncertainties, n4001/2a 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 9 0.1 0 0.1 1 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.0 12 56 11 14 17 20 23 26 n400 2a n400 1a n400 1, option 00 1 enr uncertainty, db la te 2013 enr uncertainties, n400xa 0.1 6 0.1 4 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 N4002A n4001a n4000a n4000a-001 n4001-001 10 100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000
10 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview connector care for the apc-3.5 (m) connector the apc-3.5 (m) connector is designed for instrumentation applications requiring long life, low refection coeffcient, and good mating capabilities with sma connectors. the apc-3.5 (m) can achieve a life expectancy of over 1000 connections if precautions as listed below are taken: 1. use a torque wrench set to the recommended torque. 2. tighten the nut only, to prevent the connectors rotating with respect to each oth - er. friction causes rapid wear of the conducting surfaces. 3. clean connectors after every 10 connections. 4. mate with apc-3.5 connectors in good condition. casual use of the connector can reduce the life expectancy of apc-3.5 (m) connectors to fewer than 200 connections. below is a list of several actions that may also reduce the life expectancy of the apc-3.5 (m). 5. estimating the torque with an ordinary wrench. 6. twisting the noise source body (accidentally or otherwise) during fnal tightening or when loosening. 7. frequent mating with worn-out sma connectors. this can be a problem with frequently used accessories. the apc-3.5 (m) connector used on the sns series of noise sources has an extra-large nut to make it easier to tighten without applying torque to the noise source body. a 20 mm torque wrench is also available from keysight for this application. please contact your local keysight representative for ordering information. keysight 20 mm torque wrench 8710-1764
11 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview ordering information products n4000a sns series noise source, 10 mhz to 18 ghz, nominal enr 6 db n4001a sns series noise source, 10 mhz to 18 ghz, nominal enr 15 db N4002A sns series noise source, 10 mhz to 26.5 ghz, nominal enr 15 db all of these noise sources are provided with an apc 3.5 (m) connector as standard options n400xa-002 5-foot (1.5 m) sns noise source cable is a default option as it is required to make the sns function. unselect this option if you already own a noise source cable. the following option is available with the n4000a and the n4001a: connector n400xa-001 type-n (m) connector n400xa-100 apc 3.5 (m) connector service options warranty and service for 3 years, order 36 months of r-51b. standard warranty is 12 months. r-51b return to keysight warranty and service plan calibration 1 for 3 years, order 36 months of the appropriate calibration plan shown below. r-50c-001 standard calibration plan r-50c-002 standard compliant calibration plan recommended accessories the sns smart noise source series requires a compatible cable and adaptor to enable their use. the 11730a is selected as a default option for every sns; however, customers may choose to unselect this option or order the 11730b or 11730c separately. 11730a: 5-foot (1.5 m) power sensor and sns noise source cable (included as a default option with every sns) 11730b: 10-foot (3.0m) power sensor and sns noise source cable 11730c: 20-foot (6.1m) power sensor and sns noise source cable a good quality adaptor must be used to connect the sns series noise source to the in - put of the nfa series noise fgure analyzer. keysight provides a suitable connector upon purchasing an nfa. these adaptors are also available separately. 83059b precision 35 mm coaxial adaptor keysight recommends a torque wrench for use with the large sized (20 mm) apc 3.5 (m) connector nut found on the keysight sns series noise sources. keysight also recom - mends a torque wrench for use with the 5/16 connector on the female to female adaptor. 8710-1764: 20 mm torque wrench 8710-1765: 5/16 torque wrench
12 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview noise figure literature from keysight keysight instruments are backed up with a full spectrum of literature and support offerings. a detailed listing follows. noise figure selection guide, literature number 5989-8056en fundamentals of rf and microwave noise figure measurements, application note 57-1, literature number 5952-8255e noise figure measurement accuracy - the y-factor method, application note 57-2, literature number 5952-3706e optimizing rf and microwave spectrum analyzer dynamic range, application note 1315, literature number 5968-4545e 10 hints for making successful noise figure measurements, application note 57-3, literature number 5980-0288e key web resources for the latest information on keysight noise figure solutions, visit our web page at: www.keysight.com/find/nf for the latest news on the component test industry, visit our web page at: www.keysight.com/find/component_test
13 | keysight | n4000a, n4001a, N4002A sns series noise sources - technical overview this information is subject to change without notice. ? keysight technologies, 2009 - 2016 published in usa, january 27, 2016 5988-0081en www.keysight.com mykeysight www.keysight.com/find/mykeysight a personalized view into the information most relevant to you. three-year warranty www.keysight.com/find/threeyearwarranty keysights committed to superior product quality and lower total cost of ownership. keysight is the only test and measurement company with a three-year warranty standard on all instruments, worldwide. and, we provide a one-year warranty on many accessories, calibration devices, systems and custom products. keysight assurance plans www.keysight.com/find/assuranceplans up to ten years of protection and no budgetary surprises to ensure your instruments are operating to specification, so you can rely on accurate measurements. keysight infoline www.keysight.com/find/service keysights insight to best in class information management. free access to your keysight equipment company reports and e-library. keysight channel partners www.keysight.com/find/channelpartners get the best of both worlds: keysights measurement expertise and product breadth, combined with channel partner convenience. for more information on keysight technologies products, applications or services, please contact your local keysight office. the complete list is available at: www.keysight.com/find/contactus americas canada (877) 894 4414 brazil 55 11 3351 7010 mexico 001 800 254 2440 united states (800) 829 4444 asia pacifc australia 1 800 629 485 china 800 810 0189 hong kong 800 938 693 india 1 800 11 2626 japan 0120 (421) 345 korea 080 769 0800 malaysia 1 800 888 848 singapore 1 800 375 8100 taiwan 0800 047 866 other ap countries (65) 6375 8100 europe & middle east austria 0800 001122 belgium 0800 58580 finland 0800 523252 france 0805 980333 germany 0800 6270999 ireland 1800 832700 israel 1 809 343051 italy 800 599100 luxembourg +32 800 58580 netherlands 0800 0233200 russia 8800 5009286 spain 800 000154 sweden 0200 882255 switzerland 0800 805353 opt. 1 (de) opt. 2 (fr) opt. 3 (it) united kingdom 0800 0260637 for other unlisted countries: www.keysight.com/find/contactus (bp-01-01-16) www.keysight.com/go/quality keysight technologies, inc. dekra certified iso 9001:2008 quality management system from hewlett-packard through agilent to keysight for more than 75 years, weve been helping you unlock measurement insights. our unique combination of hardware, software and people can help you reach your next breakthrough. unlocking measurement insights since 1939. 1939 the future

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